Every now and then someone posits that animals are waaaaaay smarter than we think they are. You often see statements like this:
“Just because we built the atom bomb doesn’t make us smarter.”
“Maybe they don’t have machinery because they don’t want to harm the environment.”
“Maybe they don’t want to complete the experiment.”
“Animals might have morals.”
“You can’t disprove it!”
Most people who take such positions have very little personal experience with animals except for cartoons and the occasional pet.
Claim 1: Animals aren’t building machines because they “know better.”
How could they know better? We only “know better” because we have the experience that taught us. We went through years of trial-and-error to learn what we know. In fact, most of what we know could have only been learned through our advanced technology. If it weren’t for our machinery that let us examine ice cores and other such things, we would have never known about global warming, and that it was more than just a natural phenomenon.
On the other hand, animals have never had any way to gain this knowledge, nor do they have the means or time to pass such complicated knowledge to their offspring.
You and I spent years learning what we know about the world. In the time that it takes us to graduate from school, most species will have gone through several generations. Animals also don’t have time to waste on such things: while you’re reading about plate tectonics in the comfort of your air-conditioned home, most animals are scrounging for their next meal. Thus, they have never had the time or luxury of learning about such things you begin with. You might as well ask a bushman about the chemical makeup of ice cores.
Claim 2: Animals may appear less intelligent because they don’t want to exhibit certain behaviors that would indicate intelligence.
Oh, where to begin. First of all, one rule of natural selection is to “use it or lose it.” Animals that live in areas with no light have lost the use of their eyes. Ground birds have only rudimentary wings, and some species, such as the kiwi, have lost theirs entirely. If animals spent generations deliberately acting stupid, it would only be a matter of time before their “hidden intelligence” vanished for real.
Secondly, nothing deliberately acts stupid when it comes to meeting basic needs or when one’s life is on the line. This is completely counterproductive to survival. Even if animals were doing this, natural selection would stand in favor of the animals who were bright enough not to “play dumb” in the first place. And yes, there would be “rebels” if they were indeed that smart: for an entire species to be in an agreement about “playing dumb,” a virtual hive-mind in would have to be in control of every single one. Yet animals constantly behave in manners that show that they are individuals and think as such.
Claim 3: We can’t tell for sure whether or not animals have morals.
Morals are generally based on opinion, and as such, change quite rapidly. Take a single group of rats. Separate into two. Give them identical conditions. Put them through various “natural” hardships such as starvation, weather extremes, etc. Observe for several generations. Note that several generations later, both groups are still behaving and reacting the same way.
Take a look at dogs. For everything we’ve done to them, their basic behavior is basically the same. Some dogs are more suited for certain tasks and exhibit certain behaviors more than others, but only because we’ve bred them so the instincts they need for those tasks are present in specific breeds and has nothing to do with doggish “morals.”
No morals here; just hard-wired instinct still at work.
This does not mean that animals are not necessarily smarter than we think. Research is always finding cases that show that animals are a little smarter than we realized. Chimpanzees use spears. Crows make hooks. Bonobos can learn to make stone blades that are just as sophisticated as the earliest human blades.
Bottom line: are some animals smarter than we think? Sure. Are they shaking their heads in wonder as we kill each other over petty disputes and fatten ourselves up on junk food? No. They’re not that smart, and even if they were, they’d be doing the same thing themselves. As it is, horses will already gorge themselves to death on oats and many, many wild animals use violence in order to establish territory and dominance.
The kind of thinking I’m addressing is a close relative of the noble savage myth, a myth also created in ignorance, by people who had never even met the primitive tribes they were exalting. Check it out sometime.
Now repeat the mantra: Bambi and Charlotte’s Web are not documentaries.